Working conditions of staff in non-formal education

Unlike in most Western European countries, Estonia has developed a strong tradition of municipal non-formal education schools — music, art, and sports schools with a long history, established customs, and open access for all interested participants. At the same time, the field of non-formal education in Estonia lacks clear structure; the situation is further strained by competition between the private and municipal sectors, as well as weak quality control and supervision.

The Institute of Baltic Studies’ 2024 mini-study “Working conditions of staff in non-formal education” examined the working conditions, motivation, and professional development of staff working in Estonia’s non-formal education sector. The goal was to map out the profile, work organization, and development needs of the workforce in order to support the professionalism and sustainability of the field. The study was commissioned by the Ministry of Culture to provide baseline data for an upcoming study on non-formal education in the cultural disciplines and the future supply of qualified professionals in the field. The report focuses on the roles and work organization of staff and managers in non-formal education institutions, their recognition and opportunities for professional growth, as well as motivation. Data was collected through an online survey involving 1,028 professionals working in non-formal education and related activities across Estonia. In addition, interviews were conducted with representatives from 15 organizations.

The study found that the workforce in non-formal education is predominantly female (83%), have higher education degrees (88%), and many work in multiple jobs simultaneously. The workload is heavy, while the salary level remains significantly below the national average. Employees report a lack of formal recognition and limited professional development opportunities, despite maintaining high levels of motivation. One-third of respondents have considered changing jobs within the past five years, with the main reasons being low pay, lack of recognition, and work-related stress. The study highlights the need to standardize qualification requirements, improve working conditions, and support professional development. It also recommends increasing the visibility and societal value of non-formal education to ensure its long-term sustainability and quality.